While the majority of these conditions present acutely via emergency (e.g. appendicitis), there are some conditions that require outpatient referral and management.

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Some of these common conditions are:

• Gallstones

• Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GORD)

• Gastroscopy for investigation of upper gastrointestinal conditions

• Abdominal cysts e.g. mesenteric/duplications/omental cysts

• Perianal disease e.g. abscess, fistula, fissures and skin tags.

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Gallstones are increasingly more common in the paediatric population, and children with symptoms will require a key hole operation to remove the gallbladder.

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Gastrooesophageal reflux (GORD) presents at a variety of ages with varying symptoms. It is commonly managed non-surgically, though severe or non-responsive cases may require surgical intervention. This is primarily performed via keyhole surgery and will require a short inpatient stay.

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Inflammatory bowel disease is managed with medication initially under the care of a paediatric gastroenterologist. Ocassionally, and less and less commonly, surgical intervention in the form of bowel resection or management of perianal disease is required.